keep your body clean
1. Do a good job in personal hygiene
① Bathing is the most basic way to keep personal cleanliness. An enterostomy is not a wound. As long as you don’t use the shower head to directly point to the stoma when bathing, it will not hurt the enterostomy, nor will it affect the stability of the ostomy bag. After the surgical incision is healed, the ostomy patient can wear the ostomy bag to bathe. It is best to empty the ostomy bag before bathing, and wipe the water droplets on the outer layer of the ostomy bag after bathing. You can also put on a clean and spare ostomy bag after bathing.
②Clean the skin around the stoma every time you change the stoma bag. Skin cleansers should use gauze or cotton balls and warm water to clean the stoma and its surrounding skin, wipe it from the inside out, and then dry it thoroughly. There is no need to use alkaline soap or any disinfectant (such as povidone iodine, alcohol, etc.), which will dry the skin, easily damage it, and affect the sticking ability of the chassis adhesive.
2. Prevent leakage of feces
① Check the stoma skin barrier for leakage at any time. Paste-type ostomy bags have good airtightness and deodorization. When the stoma tray is free of leaks, the odor generally only occurs when faeces are discharged. If the odor persists, check the stoma tray for leaks.
② Regularly empty the excrement or gas in the ostomy bag. Generally, when the excrement collected in the ostomy bag reaches 1/3 full, it should be discharged when it is no more than 1/2 full; if the excrement is formed, it should be discharged after each excretion.
③Replace the ostomy bag in time. Generally, the wearing time of the skin barrier does not exceed 3 days, but the replacement time of the specific skin barrier needs to be determined according to the usage of the skin barrier. Once the stoma tray leaks, it should be replaced immediately. Patients with ileum and colostomy should not change the ostomy bag within 2 to 3 hours after a meal. Therefore, the intestinal peristalsis is active during this period, and feces may be discharged during the bag change process, which is very inconvenient.
Pay attention to the condition of the enterostomy and its surrounding skin
1. Observe whether the color of the intestinal stoma mucosa is ruddy, whether there is erosion, edema, bleeding, etc. If the color of the enterostomy turns purple or even black, you should be alert to whether the enterostomy is ischemia; the mucosa of the enterostomy is prone to erosion, swelling and bleeding due to friction, and active bleeding should be timely pressured to stop the bleeding.
2. Observe whether there is pus around the enterostomy, whether the sutures have fallen off, etc. In order to detect skin and mucous membrane separation, infection and other problems in time.
3. Observe the skin around the enterostomy for itching, pain, redness, damage, and discoloration, so as to detect the dermatitis around the enterostomy in time.
4. Observe the use of the ostomy bag and the dissolution of the ostomy skin barrier. Observe whether the stoma skin barrier leaks, so as to confirm the safety of the stoma bag, and grasp the frequency of changing the bag.
5. Observe the excrement in the ostomy bag, check whether there is exhaust, defecation/urine; check whether there is mucus or blood in the excrement; observe the amount and character of the excretion. If fresh blood is collected by the ostomy bag, the ostomy bag should be torn off immediately for self-examination to assess the source of the blood. If the blood is discharged from the stoma, be vigilant for gastrointestinal/urinary tract bleeding and go back to the hospital for emergency immediately; For local bleeding in the mucosa, first perform local pressure to stop the bleeding, and then return to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment
